雖然,中國公路零擔(dān)運輸最終會走上規(guī)?;缆罚?,預(yù)計在未來10~20年,很難出現(xiàn)壟斷型企業(yè),因為市場太大,培育的難度也很大,國內(nèi)中小型專線零擔(dān)運輸企業(yè)在未來一段時間內(nèi)將長期存在,隨著信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用,預(yù)計第三方物流公司將逐步消亡。
Although the China highway LTL transportation will end up on the scale of the road, but it is expected in the next 10 to 20 years, it is difficult to appear monopoly enterprises, because the market is too large, the breed is also very difficult, domestic small and medium-sized railway LTL transportation enterprises will exist for a long period of time in the future, with the further promotion the application of information technology, is expected to third party logistics companies will gradually disappear.
我國大部分中小公路零物流企業(yè)短期行為明顯,雜亂的行業(yè)環(huán)境讓很多企業(yè)不愿為了企業(yè)長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展考慮,投入大量資金改善管理流程,提高物流服務(wù)質(zhì)量。整個行業(yè)服務(wù)呈同質(zhì)化態(tài)勢,價格成為吸引貨源的主要籌碼。專線零擔(dān)運輸與炒貨公司合作生存是中國零擔(dān)行業(yè)的常態(tài)。
Most of China's small and medium-sized logistics enterprises of highway zero short-term behavior, messy industry environment makes a lot of companies willing to consider the long-term development of enterprises, to invest a lot of money to improve the management process, improve the quality of logistics services. The whole industry is a homogeneous trend of service, the price has become the main source of attracting chips. Railway LTL transportation in cooperation with the company's survival is China roasted seeds and nuts LTL industry norm.
中國內(nèi)地公路零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)約有100萬家,并且每年以15%左右的速度增長,總數(shù)量超過其他國家零擔(dān)企業(yè)數(shù)量的總和,很多零擔(dān)公司只憑一部電話幾輛車,靠價格戰(zhàn)競爭生存,我國公路零擔(dān)運輸,前20名所占的市場份額不到2%。相比之下,美國前五大零擔(dān)公路運輸公司,壟斷了美國60%的市場份額。
China mainland road LTL logistics enterprises about 100 million, and the annual growth rate of about 15%, the total number of more than the sum of the number of other countries LTL enterprises, a lot of LTL company only with a telephone number of cars, by the price war competition, China's highway LTL transportation, market share. The top 20 to 2%. In contrast, the top five U.S. dollars of road transport companies, a monopoly of the U.S. market share of 60%.
國內(nèi)公路零擔(dān)運輸行業(yè)情況
中型物流企業(yè)面臨發(fā)展遇瓶頸
做大做強是每家公路零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)老板的夢想,但是在快速發(fā)展過程中遇到了發(fā)展瓶頸。首先是中小企業(yè)資金緊張,融資難,企業(yè)要向更高平臺發(fā)展必須要在物流設(shè)備、場地、網(wǎng)點等方面投入大量資金,然而公司資金有限,融資擔(dān)保難等問題制約著企業(yè)向更高層次發(fā)展;其次,物流人才匱乏,物流企業(yè)工作時間長,勞動強度大,高端人才留不住,從基層上來的管理者眼光又很有限,導(dǎo)致真正能夠滿足企業(yè)向更高水平發(fā)展的物流管理人才匱乏;另外,家族式企業(yè)發(fā)展到一定規(guī)模后,受到各種因素的制約,如華宇、宅急送等家族企業(yè)。
Medium sized logistics enterprises face bottlenecks in development
Bigger and stronger is the dream of every road LTL logistics company boss, but in the process of rapid development has encountered a bottleneck. The first is the small and medium-sized enterprise funds, financing difficulties, enterprises to a higher platform development must invest a lot of money in the logistics facilities, networks and so on, however, limited funds, financing guarantees and other difficult issues restricting the development of enterprises to a higher level; secondly, logistics personnel, logistics enterprises, long working time, labor the strength of large, high-end talent does not stay, up from the grass-roots management perspective is very limited, resulting in lack of truly able to meet the enterprise development to a higher level of logistics management personnel; in addition, the family enterprise development to a certain size, restricted by various factors, such as Hua Yu, the family enterprises etc..
專線公路零擔(dān)運輸與第三方合作生存
20年后國內(nèi)零擔(dān)物流專線業(yè)務(wù)會大增但是第三方物流將被淘汰掉
國內(nèi)改革開放以來,公路零擔(dān)運輸行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,近幾年來都呈現(xiàn)較高程度的增長,發(fā)展前景并不十分可觀,目前的零擔(dān)行業(yè)存在不少的問題急需解決。以下就我國公路零擔(dān)物流行業(yè)目前的狀況以及發(fā)展前景進(jìn)行介紹。
我國每個城市都有公路零擔(dān)物流貨運市場,這些市場內(nèi)專線零擔(dān)運輸公司與炒貨公司各有所需,共同生存,頗具競爭優(yōu)勢,這種態(tài)勢在短時間內(nèi)不會消失。
公路零擔(dān)物流業(yè)的技術(shù)水平普遍落后
在物流的搬運裝卸環(huán)節(jié)上,由于我國的人力成本較低,還是以傳統(tǒng)的肩扛人抬的方式為主,效率低下,貨損貨差嚴(yán)重,實力較強的零擔(dān)貨運企業(yè)僅輔以叉車和小推車。在信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用上,絕大多數(shù)公路零擔(dān)運輸企業(yè)還使用傳統(tǒng)的電話、傳真或手機進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系,對現(xiàn)代化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、條碼技術(shù)、GPS技術(shù)、手持終端掃描技術(shù)等涉足很少。安全存在隱患
在公路零擔(dān)運輸中,90%都是重車,或多或少都有超重,有的甚至超過額定載重噸100%,有些半掛車甚至發(fā)生車軸被壓斷的事故。超重不僅減少汽車的壽命,也容易引起交通事故,破壞道路,造成生命財產(chǎn)的損失。盡管我們國家正在大力打擊超載現(xiàn)象,但還是屢禁不止。
另外,一些車輛不申辦零擔(dān)運輸手續(xù),用普通貨物運輸形式替代零擔(dān)貨物運輸,出現(xiàn)魚龍混雜現(xiàn)象,造成零擔(dān)運輸市場的混亂,一些車輛不符合零擔(dān)運輸條件,缺少防曬、防雨、防火等安全措施,致使在途運輸?shù)呢浳锶鄙侔踩WC。還有些客運班車在客流少時,偷運零擔(dān)貨物,造成客貨混載,給旅客生命安全造成危險。
國內(nèi)公路零擔(dān)運輸產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展前景分析
電子商務(wù)將為零擔(dān)物流帶來巨大增長空間
縱觀電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展,隨著以淘寶網(wǎng)為首的C2C模式的成熟,及B2B模式的迅速成長,將給公路零擔(dān)運輸市場帶來了巨大的增長空間。早在2009年4月,德邦物流宣布和阿里巴巴集團(tuán)合作,成為淘寶網(wǎng)全國范圍大件貨物交易推薦物流商的時候,物流市場就在醞釀變局。部分專業(yè)快遞公司和專業(yè)整車運輸公司也將拓展業(yè)務(wù)范圍的方向瞄向了公路零擔(dān)運輸。專家認(rèn)為,未來縫合快遞與整車運輸?shù)姆纸缇€的也將是零擔(dān)物流。
第一陣營零擔(dān)物流逐步形成
中國零擔(dān)業(yè)務(wù)的物流市場十分龐大,物流企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)兼并擴張才剛剛開始,差異化競爭戰(zhàn)略是零擔(dān)物流企業(yè)跳出價格戰(zhàn)魔咒的必然選擇。中國公路零擔(dān)運輸三強天地華宇、德邦物流、吉運通物流的一站式運營服務(wù)已經(jīng)開始。“定日達(dá)”是天地華宇被TNT收購以后才推出的新服務(wù),顧名思義是指貨物在規(guī)定日期規(guī)定時間到達(dá)目的地,這是引自歐美公路運輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品。德邦物流在推出“卡車航班”產(chǎn)品之后,得到了美國地產(chǎn)物流的支持,近幾年大肆鋪設(shè)網(wǎng)點,預(yù)計今年底,網(wǎng)點將超過1200家,而且全部是自營網(wǎng)點。通成物流被新時代國際運輸收購后,走上了產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整合的差異化發(fā)展道路。
專線零擔(dān)運輸將長期存在
物流行業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,公路零擔(dān)運輸已然成為物流行業(yè)越來越重要的一種物流模式,相對于其他的物流方式,獨具特色,但是要想求發(fā)展必須要先解決存在的問題,才能有更好的前景。